Stand Alone Publications, Reports or Papers by Publishers or Institutions

International Sanctions in General

Amini, Gitty M. A Larger Role for Positive Sanctions in Cases of Compellence? Working Paper no. 12, Center for International Relations (California: University of California, 1997).

Bethlehem, Ronnie, Kane-Berman, John, and Mogoba, Stanley. Sanctions and the Alternatives (Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race relations, 1988).

Brzoska, M (ed.). Design and Implmentation of Arms Embargoes and Travel and Aviation Related Sanctions: Results of the 'Bonn-Berlin Process'. German Foreign Office in Cooperation With the United Nations Secretariat (Bonn: International Center for Conversion, 2001).

Brzoska, Michel (ed.). Smart Sanctions: the Next Steps: the Debate on Arms Embargoes and Travel Sanctions within the 'Bonn-Berlin Process'. BICC, Bonn International Center for Conversion, No. 6 (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001).

Brierly, James Leslie. Sanctions (London, 1932).

Cortright, David and Lopez, George A. With Wagler, Julia, Conroy, Richard W. and Dashti-Gibson, Jaleh. The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000).

Dietrich, Christian. Hard Currency: The Criminalized Diamond Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its Neighbours. Occasional Paper no. 4. Partnership Africa Canada (Partnership Africa Canada: Ottawa, 2002).

Elliot, Kimberly Ann. Towards a Framework For Multilateral Sanctions (Atlanta: Carter Center, 1996).

Gazzini, Tarcisio. Sanctions Against Air Terrorism: Legal Obligations of States. Conflict Studies, no. 290 (London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1996).

Michailovi'c, Kosta (ed.). Sanctions: Causes, Legitimacy, Legality and Effects: Proceedings of the Round Table Held on 14 and 15 June 1994. Presented to the 6th Meeting of the Department of Social Sciences, held on 20 September 1994 (Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1995).

Minear, L., Cortright, D., Wagler, J. Lopez, GA., and Weiss, Thomas, G. Toward more Humane and Effective Sanctions Management: Enhancing the Capacity of the United Nations System. Occasional Paper, no. 31 Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies (Providence: Brown University, 1998).

Mitchell, John V. Companies in a World of Conflict: NGOs, Sanctions and Corporate Responsibility. Papers from a Workshop Organized in Oslo by the Royal Institute of International Affairs (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1998).

Mitrany, David. The Problem of International Sanctions (London: Oxford University Press, 1925).

Nossal, Kim Richard. Rain Dancing: Sanctions in Canadian and Australian Foreign Policy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994).

Osada, Masako. Sanctions and Honorary Whites: Diplomatic Policies and Economic Realities in Relations between Japan and South Africa (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001).

Ross, John F. L. Neutrality and International Sanctions: Sweden, Switzerland and Collective Security (New York: Praeger, 1989).

Rowan-Robinson, H. Sanctions Begone!: A Plea and a Plan for the Reform of the League (London: Clowes, 1936).

Sparrow, Gerald. Sanctions (London: British Commonwealth Union, 1969).

Stremlau, John. Sharpening International Sanctions: Towards a Stronger Role for the United Nations. A report to the Carnegie Commission on preventing deadly conflict (New York: Carnegie Corporation, 1996).

Tomasevski, Katarina. Between Sanctions and Elections: Aid Donors and Their Human Rights Performance (London: Pinter, 1997).

Wallensteen, Peter. (ed.). International Sanctions: Theory and Practice. Proceedings of the Nordic Conference on Sanction Research, Sigtuna, Sweden, April 27-28, 1968. Report 1 (Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research, 1969).

-- and Eriksson, M and Staibano C. (eds.). Results of the Stockholm Process on the Implementation of Targeted Sanctions. Department of Peace and Conflict Research in Cooperation with the Swedish foregin Ministry and with the UN Secretariat (Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala Univeristy, 2003).

Webster, Charles Kingsley. Sanctions: The Use of Force in an International Organisation (London: David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies, 1956).

United Nations Sanctions and League of Nations

Brüderlein, Claude. Coping With the Humanitarian Impact of Sanctions: An OCHA Perspective (New York: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, OCHA, 1998).

Burci, G. L. "The Indirect Effects of United Nations Sanctions on Third States: the Role of the Article 50 of the Charter", in African Year Book of International Law, vol. 2. (Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1994)

Burciul, Barry A. United Nations Sanctions: Policy Options for Canada (Ottawa: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1998).

Conlon, Paul. "Mitigation of UN Sanctions", in German Yearbook of International Law, vol. 39. Universität Kiel, Institut fûr Internationales Recht (Berlin: Duncher and Humbolt, 1996)

--. Sanctions Infrastructure and Activities of the United Nations: A Critical Assessment (Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, Task Force on Economic Sanctions, 1995).

Cortright, David and Lopez, George A. Sanctions and the Search for Security: Challenges to UN Action (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002).

Doxey, Margaret P. United Nations Sanctions: Current Policy Issues Center for Foreign Policy Studies (Halifax: Dalhouise University, , 1999).

--. International Sanctions in Contemporary Perspective. 2. ed. (New York: St. Martins Press, 1996).

van Genugten, Wilhelm J.M., and Groot, Gerhard A de (eds.). United Nations Sanctions: Effectiveness and Effects, Especially in the Field of Human Rights (Antwerpen: Intersentia Law Publishers, 1999).

Haass, Richard N. and O'Sullivan, Meghan L. (eds.). Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions and Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000).

Hanlon, Joseph and Omond Roger. The Sanctions Handbook (New York: Penguin books, 1987).

Hoskins, Eric. The Impact of Sanctions: a Study of UNICEF's Perspective (New York: UNICEF Office of Emergency Programmes, 1998).

Knight, Andy W. The United Nations and Arms Embargo Verification (Lewiston: the Edwin Mellen Press, 1998).

Manning, Charles Anthony Woodward. Sanctions Under the Covenant. Montague Burton International Relations Lecture (Nottingham: University College, 1936).

Martin, Lisa L. and Laurenti, Jeffrey. The United Nations and Economic Sanctions: Improving Regime Effectiveness. Paper, UN-USA International Dialogue on the Enforcement of Security Council Resolutions (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1997).

Sarolea, Charles. The Policy of Sanctions and the Failure of the League of Nations (London, 1936).

International Economic Sanctions

Alerassool, Mahvash. Freezing Assets: The USA and the Most Effective Economic Sanctions (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993).

Baruch, Bernard M. The Making of the Reparation and Economic Sanctions of the Treaty (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1920).

Bienen, Henry, and Giplin, Robert. Evaluation of the Use of Economic Sanctions to Promote Foreign Policy Objectives. Unpublished paper, Boeing Corp., 1979.

Carter, Barry E. International Economic Sanctions: Improving the Haphazard U.S. Legal Regime (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).

Chan, Steve and Cooper Drury, A. (eds.). Sanctions as Economic Statecraft: Theory and Practice (New York: St.: Martin's Press, 2000).

Clark, E (ed.). Boycotts and Peace. A Report by the Committee on Economic Sanctions (New York; Harper and Brothers, 1932.

Cortright, David and Lopez, George A. (eds.). Smart Sanctions: Targeting Economic Statecraft (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002).

--. Economic Sanctions: Panacea or Peacebuilding in a Post-Cold War World? (Boulder: Westveiw Press, 1995).

Daoudi M.S, and Danjani M.S. Economic Sanctions: Ideals and Experience (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983).

Doxey, Margaret P. Economic Sanctions and International Enforcement (London: Macmillan for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1980).

--. Economic Sanctions and International Enforcement (London: Oxford University Press, 1971).

--. Economic Sanctions: Past Lessons and the Case of Rhodesia. Behind the Headlines Series; vol. 27, no. 2. (Toronto: Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 1968).

Drezner, Daniel W. The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Evans, Clark (ed.), and Butler, Nicholas Murray. Boycotts and Peace: A Report by the Committee on Economic Sanctions (London: Harper and Brothers, 1932).

Haass, Richard N. and O'Sullivan, Meghan L. (ed.). Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998).

Hayes, John Philip. Economic Effects of Sanctions on Southern Africa (Aldershot: Trade Policy Research Centres, 1987).

Gary Clyde, Schott, Jeffery J. and Ann Elliott, Kimberly. Economic Sanctions Reconsidered. History and Current Policy. 2 ed. (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1990).

--. Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy. Institute for International economics (Washington D.C.: MIT press, 1985).

--. Economic Sanctions in Support of Foreign Policy Goals (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1983).

Leyton-Brown, David (ed.). The Utility of International Economic Sanctions (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987).

Losman, Donald L. International Economic Sanctions: the Cases of Cuba, Israel, and Rhodesia (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1979).

Malloy, Michael P. Economic Sanctions and U.S. Trade (Little: Brown and Co., 1990).

Martin, Lisa L. and Laurenti, Jeffrey. Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).

Miyagawa. Makio. Do Economic Sanctions Work? (New York.: St. Martin's Press, 1992).

Moorsom, Richard. The Scope for Sanctions: Economic Measures Against South Africa (London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1986).

Nincic, Miroslav and Wallensteen, Peter. Dilemmas of Economic Coercion: Sanctions in World Politics (New York: Praeger, 1983).

Potter, Pitman Benjamin. Sanctions and Security: An Analysis of the French and American Views (Geneva: Geneva Research Center, 1932).

Preeg, Ernest H. Doing Good or Feeling Good with Sanctions: Unilateral Economic Sanctions and the US National Interest (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1999).

Reisersen, Tormod. Macroeconomic Impacts of the Sanctions Against South Africa. NUPI no. 548 (Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 1996).

Renwick, Robin. Economic Sanctions (Cambridge: Harvard University Center for International Affairs, 1981).

Simons, Geoff. Imposing Economic Sanctions: Legal Remedy or Genocidal Tool? (London: Pluto, 1999).

Ströberg, Karin. Prospects for Success in International Interventions: The Examples of Economic sanctions and Peace Enforcement (Stockholm: Defence Research Establishment (FOA), 2000).

Taubenfeld, H.J. Economic Sanctions: An Appraisal and Case Study (New York: Colombia University, 1958).

Wallensteen, Peter. A Century of Economic Sanctions: A Field Revisited. Uppsala Research Paper, no. 1 (Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research, 2000).

Weiss, Thomas G., Cortright, David, Lopez, A. Lopez, George, and Minear, Larry (eds.). Political Gain and Civilian Pain: Humanitarian Impacts of Economic Sanctions (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997).

International Law

Brown-John, C. Lloyd. Multilateral Sanctions in International Law: a Comparative Analysis (New York: Praeger, 1975).

Gowlland-Debbas, Vera (ed.). United Nations Sanctions and International Law. The Graduate Institute of International Studies, Vol. 1 (Kluwer Law International: The Hague, 2001).

--. Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations Action in the Question of Southern Rhodesia. Legal Aspects of International Organization, no. 11 (Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1990).

Highley, Albert E. The First Sanctions Experiment: a Study of League Procedures. (Geneva: Geneva studies 1938).

Krasno, Jean, Hayes, Bradd C., and Donald C.F Daniel (eds.). Leveraging for Sucess in United Nations Peace Operations (Westport: Praeger, 2003).

Scott, James Brown. The Spanish Conception of International Law and of Sanctions. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Division of International Law. Pamphlet Series; 54 (Washington, 1934).

Specific Studies on Particular Cases

Angola

Fowler, Robert. Report by Robert Fowler, Chair, Committee on Sanctions Against UNITA. S/1999/644 (New York: United Nations, 1999).

--. Second Report by Robert Fowler, Char, Committee on Sanctions Against UNITA. S/1999/829 (New York: United Nations, 1999).

Burundi
Hoskins, Eric. Humanitarian Impacts of Economic Sanctions on Burundi. Paper, no. 29 (Providence: Thomas J. Watson Institute for International Studies, 1997).

Cuba
Kaplowitz, Donna Rich. Anatomy of a Failed Embargo: U.S. Sanctions Against Cuba (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1998).

Schwab, Peter. Cuba: Confronting the U.S. Embargo (New York: St.: Martin's Press, 1999).

Vászques Díaz, René (ed.). Health and Nutrition in Cuba: Effects of the U.S. Embargo. Report from a seminar held in Miami, Florida, USA in September 1997 (Stockholm: Olof Palme International Centre, 1998).

European Union

Bethlehem, D. "Regional Interface between Security Council Decisions and Member States Implementation: The Example of the European Union", in (ed. Gowlland-Debbas V) United Nations Sanctions and International Law. Graduate Institute of International Studied (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001).

Hazelzet, Hadewych. Carrots or Sticks? EU and US Reactions to Human Rights Violations (1989-2000) (European University Institute: Department of Social and Political Science Florence, 2001)

Haiti
Gibbons, Elisabeth D. Sanctions in Haiti: Human Rights and Democracy under Assault (Washington: the Centre for Strategic and International Studies Press, 1999).

--. Sanctions in Haiti: Human Rights and Democracy under Assault. Center for Strategic and International Studies (Westport: Praeger, 1990).

Iraq

Alnasrawi, Abbas. Iraq's burdens: Oil, Sanctions, and Underdevelopment (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002).

Arnove, Anthony (ed.). Iraq Under Siege: the Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War (London: Pluto, 2003).

Arnove, Anthony (ed.). Iraq Under Siege: the Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War (London: Pluto, 2000).

Bethlehem, Daniel (ed.). The Kuwait Crisis: Sanctions and their Economic Consequences (Cambridge: Grotius, 1991).

Clark, Ramsey. The Children Are Dying: the Impact of Sanctions on Iraq. Reports by Food and Agriculture Organization (New York: International Action Center, 1998).

Conlon, Paul. United Nations Sanctions Management: A Case Study of the Iraq Sanctions Committee, 1990-1994 (Ardsley: Transnational Publishers, 2000).

Cordesman, Anthony H. Iraq and the War of Sanctions: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction (Westport: Praeger, 1999).

--. Iraq: Sanctions and Beyond (Boulder: Westview Press, 1997).

Cortright, David and Millar, Alistar, and Lopez, George. Sanctions, Inspections and Containment - Viable Policy Options in Iraq. Policy Brief vol. 3 . Fourth Freedom Forum and the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 2002).

--. and Lopez, George A. (eds.). Toward Smart Sanctions on Iraq, Kroc Institute of International Peace Studies. Policy Brief vol. 5, (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 2001).

Fukuda, Sakashi (red.). Politics, Economy and Sanctions in the Persian Gulf States in a Changing Environment (Wakaba: Institute of Developing Economies, 2001).

Garfield, Richard. Morbidity and Mortality Among Iraq Children from 1990 to 1998: Assessing the Impact of Economic Sanctions. Occasional Paper Series, 16, no. 3. Paper Commissioned by the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame and the Fourth Freedom Forum, (Notre Dame: Univeristy of Notre Dame, 1999).

Graham-Brown, Sarah. Sanctioning Saddam: the Politics of Intervention in Iraq (London: Tauris, MERIP, 1999).

Harkin, Tom. Weapons of Mass Destruction: U.N. Confronts Significant Challenges in Implementing Sanctions Against Iraq: Report to the Honorable Tom Karkin, U.S. Senate (Washington: United States Accounting Office, 2002).

Johnstone, Ian. Aftermath of the Gulf War: An Assessment of UN Action. International Peace Academy (Boulder: Rienner, 1994).

Lopez George, and Cortright, David. Toward Smart Sanctions on Iraq, Kroc Institute Policy Brief, no. 5, Policy Brief, no. 5, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, 2000).

Niblock, Tim. "Pariah States" & Sanctions in the Middle East: Iraq, Libya, Sudan (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001).

Simons, Geoff. The Scouring of Iraq: Sanctions, Law and Natural Justice (New York: St.: Martin's Press, 1998).

Italy
Ristuccia, Christiano Andrea. 1935 Sanctions Against Italy: Would Coal and Crude Oil Have Made a Difference? (Oxford: University of Oxford, 1997).

Nigeria
Cortright, David and George Lopez. 'Smart' Sanctions on Nigeria, Occasional Paper, no. 10, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 1996).

Lewis, Peter Michael. Stabilizing Nigeria: Sanctions, Incentives and Support for Civil Society (New York: Century Foundation Press, 1998).

Libya
Rose, Gideon. "Libya". in Richard Hass (ed.). Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy, (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998).

Rhodesia
Copson, Raymond W. Executive-legislative Consultation on Foreign Policy: Sanctions Against Rhodesia. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs. September 1982 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1982).

Kapung, Leonard T. The United Nations and Economic Sanctions Against Rhodesia (Lexington: Lexington Books, 1971).

Mezerik, A.G. (ed). Rhodesia and the United Nations: UN Imposition of Mandatory Sanctions 1966. Sanctions, Actions and Reactions (UK, US, Portugal, South Africa). UN Activities (General Assembly, Security Council, Special Committee). Political and Economic Developments in Rhodesia (New York: International Review Service).

Strack, Harry R. Sanctions: the Case of Rhodesia (Syracuse: University Press, 1978).

Sutcliffe, Robert B. Sanctions Against Rhodesia: the Economic Background (London: Africa Bureau, 1966).

South Africa

Clarke, Simon. Economic Sanctions Against South Africa: Financial Aspects of Economic Sanctions on South Africa (Geneva: International university exchange fund, 1980).

Crawford, Neta C., and Klotz Audie (eds.). How Sanctions Work: Lessons from South Africa (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).

Geldenhuys, Deon (ed.). Sanctions Against South Africa (Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1979).

Green, Reginal Herbold. South Africa: the Impact of Sanctions on Southern African Economies (Geneva: International University Exchange Fund, 1980).

Hanlon, Joseph. South Africa: the Sanctions Report: Documents & Statistics- a Report from the Independent Expert Study Group on the Evaluation of the Application and Impact of Sanctions Against South Africa Prepared for the Commonwealth Committee of Foreign Ministers on Southern Africa (London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 1990).

--. SADCC and Sanctions (Brussels: International coalition for development action, 1989).

Hermele, Kenneth and Odén Bertil. Sanctions Dilemmas: Some Implications of Economic Sanctions against South Africa (Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1998).

Kalley, Jaqueline Audrey. Pressure on Pretoria: Sanctions, Boycotts and the Divestement/Disinvestments Issue, 1964-1988: A Select and Annotated Bibliography. South African Institute of International Affairs, no. 17 (Braamfontein: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1988).

Khan, Haider Ali. The Political Economy of Sanctions Against Apartheid (London: Lynne Rienner, 1989).

Koenderman, Tony. Sanctions, Threat to South Africa (Johannesburg: J. Ball, 1992).

Kuyper, Pieter Jan. The Implementation of International Sanctions. The Netherlands and Rhodesia (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Inst. 1978).

Lipton, Merle. Sanctions and South Africa: The Dynamics of Economic Isolation. Special Report, no. 1119 (London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1988).

Lundahl, Mats. Will Economic Sanctions End Apartheid in South Africa?: What Simple Analytical Models Can Tell Us?. Department of International Economics & Geography, Stockholm School of Economics, no. 47 (Stockholm: Handelshögskolan, 1991).

Mezerik, A.G. Apartheid in the Republic of South Africa: Bantustans, boycotts, UN action, Rhodesia, South West Africa (NY: International Review of Science, 1967).

Orkin, Mark (ed.). Sanctions Against Apartheid. Community Agency for Social Enquiry (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990).

Osaka, Masako. Sanctions and Honerary Whites: Diplomatic Policies and Economic Realities in Relations Between Japanand South Africa (Westport: Greenwood Pres, 2002).

Rogers, Barbara and Bolton, Brian. Sanctions Against South Africa: Exploding the Myths (Manchester: Manchester Free Press & the Holland Committee on Southern Africa, 1981).

Rowe, David M. Surviving Economic Coercion: Rhodesia's Response to International Economic Sanctions. PhD. Dissertation. (Duke University, 1993).

Schoeman, Elna. South African Sanctions Directory, 1946-1988. Actions by Governments, Banks, Churches, Trade Unions, Universities, International and Regional Organizations (Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1988).

Segal, Ronald. Sanctions Against South Africa. International Conference on Economic Sanctions Against South Africa (London: Penguin, 1964).

Shepherd, George W (ed.). Effective Sanctions on South Africa: the Cutting Edge of Economic Intervention (New York: Praeger, 1991).

Spandau, Arnt. Economic Boycott Against South Africa: Normative and Factual Issues (Cape Town: Juta & Co., 1979)

Spicer, Miachael Wolseley. Sanctions Against South Africa: the Changing Context (Braamfontein: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1982).

Venter, Daniel J. South Africa, Sanctions and the Multinationals (Chichester: Carden, 1989).

de Villiers, Les. In Sight of Surrender: The US Sanctions Campaign Against South Africa (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995).

Yusuff Maitama-Sule, Alhaji. Time for Sanctions Against Apartheid South Africa is Now: Statements. United Nations Centre Against Apartheid (New York: United Nations, 1982).

U.S. Sanctions
Alexander, S. Kern. Third Country Liability under United States Economic Sanctions: the Extraterritorial Legal Framework. PhD Diss. In Law (London: University of London, 1999).

Ayubi, Shaheen. Economic Sanctions in U.S. Foreign Policy (Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute, 1982).

Dobson, Alan P. US Economic Statecraft for Survivial, 1933-1991: of Sanctions, Embargoes and Economic Warfare (London: Routledge, 2002).

Lowenfeld, A. "Unilateral Versus Collective Sanctions: An American's Perception", in Untied Nations Sanctions and International Law. Graduate Institute of International Studies (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001).

Rodman, Kenneth A. Sanctions Beyond Border: Multinational Corporations and U.S. Economic Statecraft (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001).

Selden, Zachary. Economic Sanctions as Instrument of American Foreign Policy (Westport: Praeger, 1999).

Shambaug, George E. States, Firms, and Powers: Successful Sanctions in United States Foreign Policy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999).

Publishing date: 23-Sep-2002, Last Update: 14-Maj-2004